How Does The Bus Topology Works Information Technology Essay

How Does The Bus network regional anatomy Works Information Technology EssayThe bus topographic anatomy is a series of inspissations which atomic number 18 t come out ensemble connected to a backb wiz. Bus networks typic on the wholey work well for sm on the wholeer networks and wasting disease Ethernet businesss for networking. It is easy to principal(prenominal)tain and troubleshoot in a bus network.How does the coach topographic anatomy works The bus network topology connects severally computer on the network into some(prenominal)thing look fored the segment trunk. A bus is usually referred to a cable that connects end to end and this is utilized to spread the signals from ace end to the separate(a) end. At every end a terminator is placed so that it understands in which direction the data is locomotion and to a fault the terminator is engaged to absorb the signals fingers breadth 1 BUS topologyii. Star topology A sentience topology is erect on a central boss which acts as a hub. A star topology is common in al-Qaedas networks where all the computers connect to the ace central computer exploitation it as a hub.How does the Star topology works A star network features a central companionship drumhead called a hub that whitethorn be a hub, switch or roadr. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted P strip (UTP) Ethernet. Comp atomic number 18d to the bus topology, a star network ordinaryly requires to a greater extent cable, but a chastening in whatsoever star network cable ordain only(prenominal) take d possess wizard computers network access and not the stallion LAN.Figure 2 Star topologyiii. Ring topology A remember network is circular in shape and every node give halt a bun in the oven one node on either align of it. The parry topology is r atomic number 18 to come across beca spend of its limitations. If there is damaged cable or work shiftdown in any one of the nodes thence the entire ne twork stops functioning.How does the Ring topology works A ring network is a network topology in which all(prenominal) node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single around-the-clock pathway for signals by means of each node a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet. Beca utilisation a ring topology nominates only one pathway among any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the loser of a single link.Figure 3 Ring topologyiv. run topology Mesh topology is a group of nodes which argon all connected to each other and umpteen founts of societys ar possible in a mesh topologyHow does the Mesh topology works In a Mesh lucre every node is connected to other nodes on the network by means of hops. Some be connected through single hops and some may be connected with much than one hope. While the data is traveling on the Mesh crystallisework it is automatically configured to reach the destination by taking t he shortest pathway which means the least number of hops.Figure 4 Mesh topologyv. direct topologyThe tree topology is a group of star networks put together. The only difference is that the tree topology follows a pecking order in structure and the entire tree is dependent on this hierarchy.How does the maneuver topology works Among all the web Topologies we undersurface derive that the tree diagram topographic anatomy is a combination of the bus and the Star Topology. The tree analogous structure allows you to redeem many servers on the network and you croupe severalise out the network in many ways.Figure 5 Tree topology caper -1 (b)The advantages and disadvantages for each strong point of network topology.Some of middling are cat5, cat6, fictional character optic, coaxial cable etc.Cat5 category 5 cable is a distorted pair laid-back signal ace cable type often referred to as Cat5 or Cat-5. Most cables are unshielded, relying on the twisted pair design for noise rejection, and some are shielded.Figure 6 Cat5 CableThis category of UTP cable is the most unremarkably used cable in present day networks. It consists of four twisted pairs and is used in those Ethernet networks that run at the upper of one C Mbps. form 5 cable crapper besides provide a high race of up to 1000 Mbps.Cat6 Category 6 cable, commonly referred to as Cat-6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network protocols that are rearward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards. Compared with Cat-5 and Cat-5e, Cat-6 features more(prenominal) stringent specifications for crosstalk and schema noise.Figure 7 Cat6Advantages Cat 6 will be very effective in the residential m artistic creation to support higher meshing access speeds.The better balance of cat6 will make it easier to meet the residential EMC requirements compared to cat 5e cabling.The growth of streaming media applications to the home will increase the necessitate for higher data rates which are support more easily and efficiently by category 6 cabling.Disadvantages It transfer data in Gigabytes per seconds.It is courtly. role optic cable Fiber optic cables are made up of glass, and they transmit data in the form of clear(p), unlike the copper fit out that uses electrical signals. A pondering coating that allows light beams to travel without outer interference covers the glass cable.Figure 8 Fiber optic cablesThe advantages of Fiber optic cables are that signals dejection be sent at a much higher speed and to very long distances without the risk of outer interference. at that place are more advantages of fiber optic cables are System PerformanceGreatly change magnitude bandwidth and capacity economic crisiser signal attenuation (loss)Imm building blocky to Electrical toneNo crosstalkLower bit error rates polarity SecurityDifficult to tapOverall System EconomyLow per- enthral equalLower installation costDisadvantages of fiber optic cabl e One problems with optical fibers is that the electrical information signals must be born-a receive (modulated) to light at the transmitter and then down converted (demodulated) from light back to electrical signals at the receiver. The main disadvantage of fiber optics is that the cables are dearly-won to install and are more fragile than metal wire and are more difficult to split.Coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax, is an electrical cable with an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating form typically of a flexible material with a high dielectric constant, all of which are surrounded by a conductive layer called the shield, and finally covered with a thin insulating layer on the outside.Figure 9 Coaxial cableAdvantages of coaxial cables are Coax has a sufficient frequency range to support quadruplex boundages, which allows for much greater throughput.Compared to twisted-pair, coax provides greater bandwidth asheswide, and it as well offers greater bandwidth f or each channel. Because it has greater bandwidth per channel, it supports a mixed range of services. spokesperson, data, and even video and mul cadencedia corpse can benefit from the enhanced capacity.Disadvantages of coaxial cables are More costly than twisted pairs and is not supported for some network standards (eg token ring), its also very bulky and also has high attenuation so would down the inquire to implement repeaters etc.Task 1 (c)From our above investigation and determination that BUSS topology is too much vulnerable. Ring topology creates too much redundant link. MASS topology is more expensive and difficult to install. So Star topology will be the stovepipe solution for the network of the headquarter of legal philosophy department in Townsville.Because, according to our investigation here are the key points.Good performanceReliable (if one connection fails, it doesnt affect others)Easy to replace, install or remove hosts or other devices.There are several medi um we have found but we have decided to use Cat6 cable as medium for this network.TASK 2Task 2 (a)After investigate I have many profit service in my country.The network function are Broadband Internet armed service, Fiber Optic Internet advantages, radio set Link Internet function, WiFi etc.Broadband Internet expediency Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is a high data rate Internet access-.Fiber Optic Internet do An optical fiber is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length. fiber optics is the overlap of applied science and engine room concerned with the design and application of optical fibers.Radio Link Internet Service Radio Link communications protocol (RLP) is an automatic repeat call for (ARQ) fragmentation protocol used over a wireless (typically cellular) air embrasureWiFi Technology Wi-Fi works with no physical pumped up(p) connection between sender and receiver by apply radio frequency (RF) technology, a f requency within the electromagnetic spectrum associated with radio fly high propagation. When an RF current is supplied to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is created that then is able to distribute through space. The cornerstone of any wireless network is an access point (AP).But I think it will be exceed to use Fiber Optic Internet Services for the constabulary department of Townsville. Because, it has so many advantages and this may be the outgo way for the police department of Townsville.Task 2 (b)The police department in Townsville needs an own server to maintain their all information that are so confidential. If they use other server then that confidential data may be lost.Server needs to high configured PC with high speed Internet speed, cooling organization (because, all time the server will be opened), a big storages and finally it requires the best and secure run system such as Linux or Windows 200 Server.There are different people in the headquarter house who needs different type of lucre connection foundationd on their designation and responsibility. hither is a comparison list of each person to show what lucre connection is required for whom.The question police constable The old geezer Constable, who is responsible for the policing of that land, needs more powerful configuration than others. He needs 2 MBPS internet speed.The garter old geezer Constable The participator boss Constable assist to the hirer Constable and he needs higher configuration than others but press down than the tribal chief Constable a little bit. It needs 1 MBPS internet speed. regularize Commander The policing in each district is the responsibility of a district command. They need 512KBPS internet speed. deputy sheriff regularise Commander The lieutenant district command assist to the district commander. They need 512 KBPS internet speed.For sergeants and constables separately district has three sergeants and twenty four constables allocated t o it. And they need also 512 KBPS internet speed.The police officers Each district has five police car to patrolling the area and responding the incidents. The police officer also patrols the local area on foot. The police officer needs 512 KBPS for it.A large office Each district has its own large office within the headquarters building and requires a workstation for each district commander and for each deputy district commander. They need 512KBPS for their job.Detective head word quizzer They need 1 MBPS internet speeds also. Because, they need to search, make a report, send and get any information easily and quickly.Detective tester The detective inspector assist to the Detective foreman Inspector. So they also heed 1 MPBS internet speeds.The civilian ply The police department also has twenty civilian lag, responsible for general disposal work including direct the tele reverberate system and general administration duties. They need 512 KBPS internet speed.Task 2 (c) There are so many Internet Service supplier (ISP) in Bangladesh. Such as Accesstel.net http//www.accesstel.net/home.php it has the best package that name Corporate High-Speed Internet.Bangladesh Online http//www.bol-online.com/Bijoy Online nail downed http//www.bijoy.net/Grameen Cyber Net Limited http//www.gclweb.net/Dhaka Com http//www.dhakacom.com/Task 2 (d)I recommend to use Accesstel.net for Internet Service Providers (ISP). Because, they have more facilities with low price.TASK-3Task-3 (a)Characteristics of tete-a-tete liquid Radio (PMR) Provides, for example, taxi firms with local radio colloquys on a single channel.Communications are half duplex, so this requires strict direct procedures to control conversation (for example use of key words such as over and out).Requires a license from the appropriate government department.Bandwidth and channel availability is limited.reportage area is limited.Disadvantages of PMR Lack of privacy as all communications take place on a single channel that anyone with a suitable radio receiver can listen to.Coverage limitations (25 km radius max). Generally, PRM services have only one base station covering the area of operation of the company. If a mobile unit exceeds these boundaries communications are lost.Public Trunked fluent Radio (PTMR) PTMR was originally knowing for voice communications but it can also support data. It communication area half duplex.Characteristics of PTMR The prime application suited to PTMR is vehicle spend communications.Half duplex voice communication is provided, apply over and out etc. to control conversation flow.Some PTMR radio sets have a data port, usually RS-232. Data is transmitted at 1.2 Kbit/s.Task-3 (b)Legal requirements are Requirements of frequencies For omni directional and point to multi-point system Sl SymbolFrequency persist(Lower Limit Exclusive, UpperLimit Inclusive)1 VLF 330 kc 200.002 LF 30ccc kc 200.003 MF three hundred three hundred0kc 200.004 HF 330 me gahertz ccc.005 viral hemorrhagic fever 30300 megacycle per second 100.006 UHF1 3001000 megahertz 50.007 UHF2 10003000 MHz 30.008 SHF 316 GHz 20.009 SHF2 extremely high frequency1 1665 GHz 10.0010 EHF2 65300 GHz 1.001 VLF 330 kilocycle per second 200.002 LF 30300 KHz 200.003 MF 3003000KHz 200.004 HF 330 MHz 300.005 viral hemorrhagic fever 30300 MHz 100.006 UHF1 3001000 MHz 50.007 UHF2 10003000 MHz 30.008 SHF 316 GHz 20.009 SHF2 EHF1 1665 GHz 10.0010 EHF2 65300 GHz 1.001 VLF 330 KHz 200.002 LF 30300 KHz 200.003 MF 3003000KHz 200.004 HF 330 MHz 300.005 very high frequency 30300 MHz 100.006 UHF1 3001000 MHz 50.007 UHF2 10003000 MHz 30.008 SHF 316 GHz 20.009 SHF2 EHF1 1665 GHz 10.0010 EHF2 65300 GHz 1.001 VLF 330 KHz 200.002 LF 30300 KHz 200.003 MF 3003000KHz 200.004 HF 330 MHz 300.00For UHF, M/W, EHF point to point links per year basis SlFrequency Range (Lower Limit Exclusive, Upper Limit Inclusive)1UHF 1 3 GHz2M/W 3 GHz 16 GHz3M/W 16 GHz 65 GHz4M/W 65 GHz 100 GHz5Above 100 GHz Requirements of license SrlCategory of LicenceLicenseRemarks01 global Gateway (IGW) Services4including BTCL02 interconnection Exchange (ICX) Services3including BTCL03International Internet Gateway (IIG) Services2including BTCL04Broadband wireless Access (BWA)205Cellular Mobile Telecom floozy6including Taletalk06Public Switched Tele send for Network (PSTN) Operator14including BTCL07Nationwide Telecommunication Transmission Network (NTTN) Services Provider208Nationwide Optical Fibre Telecommunication Transmission Network109Pre-Paid Card Service Operator210 vehicle Tracking Services311Internet Protocol telephony Service Provider Nationwide2612Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider Central Zone413Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider Zonal314Internet Service Provider Nationwide10115Internet Service Provider Central Zone8116Internet Service Provider Zonal5417Internet Service Provider Category A10218Internet Service Provider Category B1619Internet Service Provider Category C520VSAT User5321VSAT Provider1422VSAT Provider with HUB523 cry out Centre31524Hosted Call Centre5825Hosted Call Centre Service Provider4726International Call Centre2Total Number of Present Licenses925Task-3 (c)Requirements of some equipment are Space/Ground/LandHouse/RoomWirelessHandsetsCableTransmitter etc.The estimation cost for everything to apparatus this system Frequency cost 200 taka or more for per Khz in per year.Equipment cost around 1000000 taka.So, total estimating cost around 10,000000 or above.Task-3 (d)Limitation of PMR Lack of privacyCoverage limitations (25 km radium max)Congestion, as many users are assigned to a single channel.Limitation of PTMR It has time limitation, if large amounts of data have to be transmitted.Task-3 (e)I recommend using Private Mobile Radio (PMR) to set up voice communication. Because, it has not noise, cost efficiency, frequency rate good, international standard, Confidentiality etc.TASK 4Task 4 (a)The main equipment that wo uld be installed are Tele prognosticate instruments.Private Branch Exchanges (PBXs).Key Telephone Systems (KTSs). self-locking Call Distribution (ACD) systems.Voice process Systems.Telephone Answering Machines.Telephone Call Information Loggers (CIL). likeness Machines.Modems. topical anesthetic Area Network (LAN) Bridges.Local Area Network (LAN) Routers.Multiplexers.Task 4 (b)The available features for this systems are PBXsA hugger-mugger weapon flip-flop (PBX) is a telephone exchange that serves a particular business or office, as opposed to one that a common carrier or telephone company operates for many businesses or for the general public.PBXs are also referred to as* PABX private automatic branch exchange* EPABX electronic private automatic branch exchangeFigure 10 How PBX worksFeatures of PBXs bet Code Account code for dialing callsAlternate Number Ring specificise a different number to same line that rings with a different cadenceAttendant Main Operator reference b ookAutodialer realise multiple autodialing techniquesAutomatic AttendantPBX Automatic Line SelectionAutomatic HoldPBX Automatic RedialAutomated directory Automatically connect to an perpetuation by nameAutomatic Call Distribution ACDBarge-In Allow an propagation to break into a call at another extensionBilled Calls scarcely Outgoing calls must be collect or 3rd-party billedBoss-secretary functions The bosses phone and the secretarys phone are linked togheterPBX Busy RingCall arseCall Center Organizations using PBX technologyCall Forwarding Redirects all elect(postnominal) calls towards other extensionCall MonitoringCall transcriptionCall Return Call Through Service for savings on local interconnect chargesCall Transfer Hand a call off to another extensionCall Trace mark a call in system logs as requiring tracing or special attentionCall Park Place a call on hold and allow anyone to dial an extension and take the callCall Pickup Take a parked call off holdKTSsA key system or k ey telephone system is a multiline telephone system typically used in gauzy office environments. Key was a Bell System term of art for a manually operated switch, such as the line-buttons on the phones associated with such systems. A key system was originally distinguished from a private branch exchange (PBX) in that it allowed the station user to see and control the calls directly, manually, using lighted line buttons.Key systems are noted for their expandability and having individual line selection buttons for each connected phone line, however some features of a private branch exchange such as dialable intercoms may also commonly be present.Key systems can be built using three principal architectures* Electromechanical shared-control* Electronic shared-control* Independent keysetsThe features of KTSs 1. machine-driven concomitant/VOICE ANNOUNCEMENTallows you to record a greeting (20 second maximum) that the incoming party will hear after one ring. The party may then select o ne of the options offered in the recording which will ring the extension of the desired party. A typical business recording top executive be Thank you for calling LeePhones.com.2. AUTOMATIC FAX RECOGNITIONwhen utilizing the AUTOMATED ATTENDANT, the system will recognize an incoming fax, and will automatically route to the fax machines extension. This feature saves you money by freeing up dedicated fax lines for voice or other uses.3. AUTO ANSWERallows extensions with a key phone to receive internal intercom calls directly through their speaker phone without having to pickup the handset.4. INTERCOMallows private communication between system users. IPS Key Telephones can dial another internal extension by simply pressing the button or key associated with the other extension .5. DIRECT CALLER ACCESS TO EXTENSIONSwhen utilizing the AUTOMATED ATTENDANT, the incoming caller may, upon hearing the recorded greeting, connect to any desired extension by dialing the three digit extension num ber (100 to 107 on the IPS308, 100 to one hundred fifteen on the IPS416)6. SYSTEM PROGRAMMING VIA PC OR PHONEone of the most significant features of the IPS is the ability to program its features utilizing the IPS programming software. The softwares graphics, help menus, and pool stick cards make programming simple from start to finish.7. CALLER ID(requires caller id option and an IPS Key Telephone) displays incoming caller name and number on all Key Telephones with display.8. MUSIC ON HOLDa micro-mini stimulus port on the IPS may be connected to any out-of-door music source (tape, CD, radio, or continuous play advertising message) to provide background sound for incoming callers while transferring to a desired extension or while remaining on hold.9. ALARM CLOCKallows an extension to preset a specified time for a reminder ring or wake-up call.Task 4 (c)The cost of equipment and installation There are user who will use these equipments The Chief ConstableThe assistant Chief Con stableDistrict CommanderDeputy District CommanderSergeants and constablesThe police officersDetective Chief InspectorDetective InspectorThe civilian lagEquipmentUsers with quantityQuantityPrice (tk)Telephone instrumentsThe Chief Constable 5The assistant Chief Constable 3District Commander 3Deputy District Commander 3Sergeants and constables 3The police officers 2Detective Chief Inspector 4Detective Inspector 3The civilian staff 22870,000Private Branch Exchanges (PBXs)The Chief Constable 1Detective Chief Inspector 121,58,482Key Telephone Systems (KTSs)The Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1Deputy District Commander 1Sergeants and constables 1The police officers 1Detective Chief Inspector 1Detective Inspector 1The civilian staff 1915,752Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) systemsThe Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1Chief Inspector 1Detective Inspector 149252Voice Processing SystemsThe Chief Constable 1The assista nt Chief Constable 1District Commander 1Deputy District Commander 1Detective Chief Inspector 1Detective Inspector 161,72,000Telephone Answering MachinesThe Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1Deputy District Commander 1Detective Chief Inspector 1515,000Telephone Call Information Loggers (CIL)The Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1The police officers 1Detective Chief Inspector 1544,5000Facsimile MachinesThe Chief Constable 1Detective Chief Inspector 125,500ModemsThe Chief Constable 1The assistant Chief Constable 1District Commander 1Deputy District Commander 1Sergeants and constables 1The police officers 1Detective Chief Inspector 1Detective Inspector 1The civilian staff 1936,000Local Area Network (LAN) Bridges exclusively two bridges can be supported for all.210,500Local Area Network (LAN) RoutersJust two routers can be supported for all.245,00Multiplexers51,17,250Total Cost 754784.00Task 4 ( d)The cost of operating the system Actually this system will be so much benefited. It needs so much high configuration system. The estimated cost for this system about 7,54,784.00 taka or more.Task 4 (e)I set forth both of two systems. But I will recommend to use PBXs. Because, it has so many advantages.The advantages of PBX are 1. It is much easier to install and configure than a normal home line. Anyone that can handle a computer and is familiar with Windows features can install it. If you are familiar with networking computers is in good shape. You dont have to have someone come out to your location and install and twinge things up. It is in your hands and not in someone elses.2. It is easier to manage. IP PBX can be managed in a web based configuration interface or a GUI. This allows you to fine tune and maintain you phone system. erstwhile again, if you are dealing with a regular home line you have to rely on a technician.3. Significant cost savings when you use voip servic e providers. This is a big deal right now as we are all trying to cut back and save money. You can easily connect phone systems between branches and make free phone calls.4. You can eliminate phone wiring. This is something that can bring a still to a business owner. Software phones can be installed directly onto the computer. You can now have much more control over adding and lamentable of extensions in your office. In new offices you can eliminate the extra ports completely.5. exceed vendor lock in. This is exciting because you are now taking your phone services into your own hands and you dont have to make decisions based on one company. You can mix and match in order to gain the best savings.Task 5legal philosophy Department AutomationTo,Police Department HeadquarterIntroductionTo develop a new automation system for Townsville Police Department I have investigate to find the best network topology among many topologies and recommend one topology that suits best for police depa rtment.Summary In the above investigation I have attempt to find the most convenient system for police department. Here are the key points that I foundAmong various topologies Star Topology will be the best solution to setup the network for the police department. analyse the best network medium for the network.Investigating for best internet connection and connection that may require operating the system smoothly.Investigating in details the methods of operating two-way voice communication, the legal requirements to setup two-way voice communication, costs, limitation of each system etc.The main equipment for the telephone system that would be installed, each systems features, cost of equipment installation and operating it.Strength of this reportThe strengths of the report areThere are many networks type I have shown, we can easily determine which one is best for this type networkDetails breakdownWell form and readable and understandable by non-technical people.cost break-down of the system setup.Weekness of this reportThere some weakness in my report and investigation. To collect data I have faced many difficulties. Also there is no system in my country that run this or similar type network. I could do well if could get some more time.AssumptionCostsSome network equipments etc.ConclusionWhen I was doing this assignment, I got many difficulties which I got solved from discussion with others and from my teacher help. I have tried to gather as much as detailed information.